Complication | Evidence | PMID |
Nephropathy | 1. While IL6, CCL2 and CCR5-mR, and CD68 were overexpressed in the tubulointerstitial compartment in clinical DN, they were not expressed in microalbuminuria. | 24786705 |
Retinopathy | 1. The inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors IL1B, IL6, IL8, CCL2, EDN1, VEGF, and TNF are increased in the vitreous of PDR patients without an increase in IL-10. These add support to the role of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in the genesis of PDR | 22409294 |
Atherosclerosis | 1. Homocysteine upregulates the MMP-TIMP pathway and IL6 release, the effect being stronger in the presence of high glucose. These actions of homocysteine may contribute to the increased atherogenesis observed in diabetic patients with poor metabolic control | 16896935 |
Neuropathy | 1. The serum pro-inflammatory cytokines MIF, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels play an important role in the pathogenesis of DM and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). | 19567096 |
Tuberculosis | 1. Tuberculosis with diabetes is characterized by elevated circulating levels of type 1 (IFN-?, tumor necrosis factor-?, and IL-2), type 2 (IL-5), and type 17 (IL-17A) cytokines but decreased circulating levels of IL-22. This was associated with increased systemic levels of other pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1?, IL-6, and IL-18) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) but not type 1 IFNs. | 23987505 |