AKT1
LOCUS ID207
GENE_SYMBOLAKT1
GENE NAMEv-akt murine thymoma
SYNONYMNSAKT, PKB, RAC, CWS6, PRKBA, PKB-ALPHA, RAC-ALPHA
CHROMOSOME14
HOMOLOGENE ID3785
microRNAsmiR-19427163678
GENE SUMMARY
The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuro

OBSERVATIONS

Complication Evidence PMID
Nephropathy1. The AKT-mTOR pathway is activated in diabetic nephropathy. 2. Diabetes increased activated forms of AKT and mTOR both in glomeruli and podocyte. In diabetic rats, losartan decreased phosphorylated/activated forms of AKT (Thr308) and mTOR (Ser2448) in glomeruli but decreased only activated mTOR in podocytes.23456824
Cardiovascular1. GDF-15 protects heart, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and activating Smad, eNOS, PI3K, and AKT signaling pathways.26273671
Retinopathy1. PI3K-AKT signaling, L-VGCCs, and PMCA1 were down-regulated in obesity-induced prediabetic/early diabetic retinas, as well as in human DR retinas, suggesting that down-regulation of PI3K-AKT and impaired calcium homeostasis might contribute to the etiology of DR.25788653
Atherosclerosis1. Using network analysis, we have identified several cellular network proteins like PTPN1, AKT1, INSR, LEPR, IRS1, IRS2, IL1R2, IL6R, PCSK9 and MYD88, which are responsible for regulating inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. We have identified three distinct sets of serum markers for diabetes, CAD and diabetes associated with CAD in Indian patients using nonparametric-based machine learning approach. These multiple marker classifiers may be useful for monitoring progression from a healthy person to T2DM and T2DM to T2DM_CAD.30674322
Insulin resistance and inflammation1. Our comprehension of AKT regulation and functions is particularly important given the consequences of AKT dysfunction in diverse pathological settings, including developmental and overgrowth syndromes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance , type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders 28431241