| Complication | Evidence | PMID |
| Nephropathy | 1. YKL-40 levels are elevated in patients with T2D with an independent association between increasing YKL-40 levels and increasing levels of albuminuria. The study suggests a role of YKL-40 in the progressing vascular complications in patients with T2D. | 21696606 |
| Cardiovascular | 1. Plasma YKL-40 predicts 10-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. 2. In the present study YKL-40 levels were examined in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with increasing levels of albuminuria, known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. 3- Because we detected an association between YKL-40 with rel, micro- and macrovascular disease, this protein could play an important for the increased risk of type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria for the development of cardiovascular disease. 4. YKL-40 an emerging biomarker in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. 5. Finally, YKL-40 levels are elevated both in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, known to be at high risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, when compared to non-diabetic persons. | 22901243 |
| Retinopathy | 1. We identified differential DNA methylation of 349 CpG sites representing 233 unique genes including TNF, CHI3L1 (also known as YKL-40), CHN2, GIPR, GLRA1, GPX1, AHRR, and BCOR in cases with PDR compared with controls. | 26248552 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1. The inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 seems to play a role in atherosclerosis and is elevated in patients with obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. | 23071724 |
| Insulin resistance and inflammation | 1. CHI3L1 treatment diminished the TNF?-induced expression and secretion of IL (interleukin)-8, MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and IL-6. | 24512683 |
