| Complication | Evidence | PMID |
| Nephropathy | 1. polymorphisms within the carnosine dipeptidase 1 gene (CNDP1), located on 18q22. 3, have been shown to be associated with diabetic nephropathy in European subjects with type 2 diabetes. | 23342076 |
| Cardiovascular | 1. There was a significant interaction between CNDP1 and sex for the association with cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.01), not for all-cause mortality (p = 0.32). The association between CNDP1 and cardiovascular mortality was sex-specific, with a higher risk in women with 5L-5L genotype. | 24756973 |
| Neuropathy | 1. CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia. | 30719346 |
