| Complication | Evidence | PMID |
| Nephropathy | 1. Chronic exposure of human mesangial cells to high glucose environments activates the p38 MAPK pathway. The activity of AP-1, a transcription factor complex that regulates several genes involved in diabetic nephropathy, is reversed when the p38 MAPK pathway is inhibited. These findings suggest the p38 MAPK pathway may be an important pathway involved in diabetic complications. | 11532081 |
| Cardiovascular | 1. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is a critical node linking insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 19275680 |
| Retinopathy | 1.Some of the diabetic mice were treated with inhibitors of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, which have previously been shown to inhibit diabetic retinopathy in rodent models. 2. Both the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids may be mediated through inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway in diabetic retinopathy. 3. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a p38 MAPK inhibitor on the development of early stages of diabetic retinopathy in rats | 22605924 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1. PCs seem to participate in plaque formation and progression.Since Polycystins (PC)-1 upregulation coincides with p38 and p53 activation, a potential interplay of these molecules in atherosclerosis induction is posed. | 26286632 |
| Neuropathy | 1. Increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in response to stress stimuli, including hyperglycemia, contributes to diabetic somatic neuropathy. | 16355109 |
