| Complication | Evidence | PMID |
| Nephropathy | 1. IFNgamma and IL-10 were significantly elevated in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared with controls and diabetic patients without DN. | 20187532 |
| Neuropathy | 1. Our findings indicate that the tested markers within the IFNgamma and IL-10 genes, but not the TNFalpha gene, are significantly associated with peripheral neuropathy in South Indian type 2 diabetic patients. The study shows that the 'high-producer' IL-10 -1082 G/G genotype and the 'low-producer' IFNgamma +874 A/A genotype may be responsible for the down regulation of immune response leading to inflammation in this setting | 19608431 |
| Tuberculosis | 1. Diabetes patients without tuberculosis, however, showed strongly reduced non-specific IFNgamma production, which is essential for inhibition of the initial growth of M. tuberculosis. Our data suggest that a defective non-specific immune response in diabetes may contribute to an increased susceptibility to develop tuberculosis. | 17962984 |
| Insulin resistance and Inflammation | 1. Polymorphism of IFNG (+874) T/A gene, that encodes production of IFNG protein, impacts the IDO (indoleamine 2,3- dioxygenase) and GTPCH (guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I) activity that might be assessed in humans by KYN/TRY ratio and neopterin concentrations in biological fluids (e.g., blood, urine and spinal fluid). | 22396896 |
