Complication | Evidence | PMID |
Cardiovascular | 1. IL-10 gene transfer upregulates arcuate POMC and ameliorates hyperphagia, obesity and diabetes by substituting for leptin. | 26435324 |
Neuropathy | 1. CSF beta-EP, but not POMC, concentrations were lower in the diabetic neuropathic patients overall (5.8 +/- 1.9 pmol/L) compared to the control subjects (7.6 +/- 2.2 pmol/L) (p < 0.05). CSF POMC showed no intergroup differences. However, POMC levels were 80-fold higher than those of beta-EP and should always be considered when interpreting immunoreactive beta-EP or other derivative peptide levels in CSF. We conclude that CSF beta-EP levels appear to be reduced in diabetic polyneuropathy but they do not relate to the presence of neuropathic pain. This might explain why opioid analgesics are of little, if any, help in alleviating diabetic neuropathic pain. | 7599354 |
Insulin resistance and inflammation | 1. Furthermore, the decreased POMC expression in the obese KO mice suggests that the regulation of POMC expression through GABAB receptors is essential for proper energy balance. | 24155320 |