| Complication | Evidence | PMID |
| Nephropathy | 1. TLR4 may activate the immuno-inflammatory reactions to play a role in the occurrence and development of the diabetic nephropathy. | 23790335 |
| Retinopathy | 1. Our results suggest an association between the Asp299Gly polymorphism of the TLR4 gene and early onset of DR in the DM2 patients | 19135114 |
| Atherosclerosis | 1. AGE-LDL activates a TLR4-mediated signaling pathway, thus inducing proinflammatory cytokine production. This mechanism may partly explain the increased risk of atherosclerosis observed in diabetics. | 18818414 |
| Neuropathy | 1. In type 2 diabetic patients, however, heterozygote carriers of the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile genotypes had a significantly reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (odds ratio 0.35 [95% CI 0.19-0.61]; P = 0.0002); 2. The present study found that patients with T2DM and DPN had increased TLR4 expression in monocytes compared with control subjects. Expression of TLR4 in monocytes was significantly higher in patients with DPN compared with the T2DM group. These results suggested that increased expression of TLR4 in monocytes could be linked to systemic inflammation in peripheral neuropathy in T2DM. | 14693986 |
| Tuberculosis | 1. Results showed that the serum TLR4 content of the T2DMTB group was significantly lower than that of the T2DM group (p < 0.05). | 14693986 |
| Cardiovascular | 1. TLR2 and TLR4 downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines that can induce insulin resistance and cardiovascular damage in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 14693986 |
| Insulin resistance and inflammation | 1. The expression of TLR4 in bone marrow-derived cells only, but not in non-bone marrow-derived tissues only, was a determining factor in the induction of diet-induced insulin resistance, which was accompanied by an increased expression of inflammatory markers in both white adipose tissue and liver as well as increased liver steatosis and increased expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. | 27123010 |
